The capital is Algiers, a crowded bustling seaside metropolis whose historic core, or medina, is ringed by tall skyscrapers and apartment blocks. Algeria’s second city is Oran, a port on the Mediterranean Sea near the border with Morocco. Less hectic than Algiers, Oran has emerged as an important centre of music, art, and education.

History, language, customs, and an Islamic heritage make Algeria an integral part of the Maghreb and the larger Arab world, but the country also has a sizable Amazigh (Berber) population, with links to that cultural tradition. Once the breadbasket of the Roman Empire, the territory now comprising Algeria was ruled by various Arab-Amazigh dynasties from the 8th through the 16th century, when it became part of the Ottoman Empire.

The decline of the Ottomans was followed by a brief period of independence that ended when France launched a war of conquest in 1830.

By 1847 the French had largely suppressed Algerian resistance to the invasion and the following year made Algeria a department of France. French colonists modernized Algeria’s agricultural and commercial economy but lived apart from the Algerian majority, enjoying social and economic privileges extended to few non-Europeans.

Ethnic resentment, fuelled by revolutionary politics introduced by Algerians who had lived and studied in France, led to a widespread nationalist movement in the mid-20th century.

A war of independence ensued (1954–62) that was so fierce that the revolutionary Frantz Fanon noted,

Terror, counter-terror, violence, counter-violence: that is what observers bitterly record when they describe the circle of hate, which is so tenacious and so evident in Algeria.

Negotiations ended the conflict and led to Algerian independence, and most Europeans left the country. Although the influence of the French language and culture in Algeria remained strong, since independence the country consistently has sought to regain its Arab and Islamic heritage.

At the same time, the development of oil and natural gas and other mineral deposits in the Algerian interior brought new wealth to the country and prompted a modest rise in the standard of living. In the early 21st century Algeria’s economy was among the largest in Africa.

Currency: Algerian Dinar

Language: Arabic, Tamazight

Population: Algeria Population (2024)

Religion: Islam

Tax rate: Algeria — Orbitax

Crime Rate

The crime rate in Algeria is moderate. Country Reports.

GDP

Algeria’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP)​​ The official estimate for Algeria’s GDP was $612 billion at the end of 2023 in puchasing power partity terms.
Algeria. World Economics

Openness to Tourist.

Algeria is becoming increasingly open to tourists, with a focus on showcasing its rich cultural heritage and diverse landscapes. The country offers numerous attractions such as the ancient Roman ruins at Timgad and Djemila, the Mediterranean coastline, and the vast Sahara Desert. Despite its historical and natural beauty, Algeria’s tourism industry is still developing due to past political and security issues, but the government is making efforts to improve infrastructure and promote tourism.

Tourists can enjoy a variety of experiences including beach tourism in cities like Algiers and Annaba, culinary tourism with traditional dishes like couscous and tagine, and exploring the prehistoric rock art in Tassili n’Ajjer National Park​ (Tourism Algeria)​​ (Holidify)​.

 

Employment rate

The labor market in Algeria has improved in the last few decades. Statista.

 Climate

Algeria’s coastal zone and northern mountains have a typical Mediterranean climate, with warm, dry summers and mild, rainy winters. Algeria – Climatology

Cost of living

Detailed cost of living data, including prices for housing, food, and transportation in Algeria, is available on Cost of Living in Algeria

 Mode of Transport

Taxis are another common mode of transportation in Algeria. They are widely available in cities and can be hailed on the street or found at designated taxi ranks. Getting Around Algeria

Visa Requirement

Algeria Visa Types, Requirements, and Application

 

Morocco lies directly across the Strait of Gibraltar from Spain. It’s largest city and major Atlantic Ocean port is Casablanca, an industrial and commercial centre. The capital, Rabat, lies a short distance to the north on the Atlantic coast.

Other port cities include Tangier, on the Strait of Gibraltar, Agadir, on the Atlantic, and Al-Hoceïma, on the Mediterranean Sea. The city of Fès is said to have some of the finest souks, or open-air markets, in all of North Africa.

Scenic and fertile, Morocco well merits the praise of a native son, the medieval traveller Ibn Battuta, who wrote that “it is the best of countries, for in it fruits are plentiful, and running water and nourishing food are never exhausted.”

The country is rapidly modernizing and enjoys a rising standard of living, it retains much of its ancient architecture and even more of its traditional customs.

It has also been subject to extensive migration and has long been the location of urban communities that were originally settled by peoples from outside the region. Controlled by Carthage from an early date, the region was later the westernmost province of the Roman Empire.

Capital: Rabat

Currency: Moroccan dirham 

Language: Arabic

Population: Morocco Population (2024)

    Religion: Islam

Tax rate: PwC’s summary on Moroccan corporate taxes​ ( Worldwide Tax Summaries Online )

Crime Rate

The crime rate in Morocco is moderate, with increasing crime rates in the past five years. Worries about various crimes, such as muggings, car theft, and property crimes, fall into the moderate range. Crime in Morocco

 

GDP

As of 2024, Morocco’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is projected to grow by 3.2%, up from an estimated 2.9% in 2023. This growth is driven by various economic measures and the implementation of the 2024 Finance Act, which aims to address socio-economic challenges such as inflation, drought, and earthquake impacts. The nominal GDP is anticipated to increase by 6% in 2024, contributing to an inflation rate of 2.8% as measured by the GDP deflator​ (Maroc)​​ (IMF)​.

Openness to tourist

Morocco remains highly open and welcoming to tourists. The country experienced a significant increase in tourist arrivals, with 2.1 million visitors in the first two months of 2024 alone, marking a 14% growth from the previous year. This growth trend is expected to continue, with projections indicating a 15% increase in tourism by the end of 2024. The government has been focusing on enhancing marketing efforts and improving air connectivity to attract more visitors.  https://www.visitmorocco.com/en/travel-info/covid-19-travel-safely-to-morocco

Image of the Medina Street in Marrakech, one of Morocco’s most popular tourist destinations – PHOTO/FILE

 

Climate

Taylor McIntyre / Trip Savvy

 

Morocco is a land of contrasts. Bathed to the north by the waters of the Mediterranean, to the west by those of the Atlantic Ocean, it is also criss-crossed by the Rif and Atlas Mountains and is subject to all sorts of climatic influences. Britannica

 

Employment rate

Employment Rate in Morocco decreased to 36.70 percent in the first quarter of 2024 from 38 percent in the fourth quarter of 2023. Employment Rate in Morocco averaged 43.68 percent from 1999 until 2024, reaching an all time high of 48.00 percent in the first quarter of 1999 and a record low of 36.70 percent in the first quarter of 2024. Morocco Employment Rate – Trading Economics

Cost of Living

Cost of Living in Morocco

 

Modes of Transport

Rabat – Morocco is a diverse country whose borders extend from the northernmost coasts of Tangier to the southern Saharan sands of Dakhla and transportation is not always straightforward. Moroccans utilize a wide array of modes of transportation to traverse the vast countryside.

Petit Taxi, Morocco

The most prominent modes of transportation for inner-city travel in Morocco are petit taxi (taxi Saghir), grand taxi (taxi Kabir), Careem, the city bus, and even a tramway system in Rabat and Casablanca. As for long distance travel, Morocco offers an extensive train system as well as regional bus routes, grand taxi routes, and a growing domestic air travel industry. Getting around in Morocco

MOROCCO VISA REQUIREMENTS

Most travellers from Europe, North America, and certain countries in Asia and the Middle East do not need a visa for stays up to 90 days. To get more information on the visa requirement in Morocco, visit (Infinite Morocco)

Morocco lies directly across the Strait of Gibraltar from Spain. It’s largest city and major Atlantic Ocean port is Casablanca, an industrial and commercial centre. The capital, Rabat, lies a short distance to the north on the Atlantic coast.

Other port cities include Tangier, on the Strait of Gibraltar, Agadir, on the Atlantic, and Al-Hoceïma, on the Mediterranean Sea. The city of Fès is said to have some of the finest souks, or open-air markets, in all of North Africa.

Scenic and fertile, Morocco well merits the praise of a native son, the medieval traveller Ibn Battuta, who wrote that “it is the best of countries, for in it fruits are plentiful, and running water and nourishing food are never exhausted.”

The country is rapidly modernizing and enjoys a rising standard of living, it retains much of its ancient architecture and even more of its traditional customs.

It has also been subject to extensive migration and has long been the location of urban communities that were originally settled by peoples from outside the region. Controlled by Carthage from an early date, the region was later the westernmost province of the Roman Empire.

Capital: Rabat

Currency: Moroccan dirham 

Language: Arabic

Population: Morocco Population (2024)

    Religion: Islam

Tax rate: PwC’s summary on Moroccan corporate taxes​ ( Worldwide Tax Summaries Online )

Crime Rate

The crime rate in Morocco is moderate, with increasing crime rates in the past five years. Worries about various crimes, such as muggings, car theft, and property crimes, fall into the moderate range. Crime in Morocco

 

GDP

As of 2024, Morocco’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is projected to grow by 3.2%, up from an estimated 2.9% in 2023. This growth is driven by various economic measures and the implementation of the 2024 Finance Act, which aims to address socio-economic challenges such as inflation, drought, and earthquake impacts. The nominal GDP is anticipated to increase by 6% in 2024, contributing to an inflation rate of 2.8% as measured by the GDP deflator​ (Maroc)​​ (IMF)​.

Openness to tourist

Morocco remains highly open and welcoming to tourists. The country experienced a significant increase in tourist arrivals, with 2.1 million visitors in the first two months of 2024 alone, marking a 14% growth from the previous year. This growth trend is expected to continue, with projections indicating a 15% increase in tourism by the end of 2024. The government has been focusing on enhancing marketing efforts and improving air connectivity to attract more visitors.  https://www.visitmorocco.com/en/travel-info/covid-19-travel-safely-to-morocco

Image of the Medina Street in Marrakech, one of Morocco’s most popular tourist destinations – PHOTO/FILE

 

Climate

 

Taylor McIntyre / Trip Savvy

 

Morocco is a land of contrasts. Bathed to the north by the waters of the Mediterranean, to the west by those of the Atlantic Ocean, it is also criss-crossed by the Rif and Atlas Mountains and is subject to all sorts of climatic influences. Britannica

 

Employment rate

Employment Rate in Morocco decreased to 36.70 percent in the first quarter of 2024 from 38 percent in the fourth quarter of 2023. Employment Rate in Morocco averaged 43.68 percent from 1999 until 2024, reaching an all time high of 48.00 percent in the first quarter of 1999 and a record low of 36.70 percent in the first quarter of 2024. Morocco Employment Rate – Trading Economics

Cost of Living

Cost of Living in Morocco

 

Modes of Transport

Rabat – Morocco is a diverse country whose borders extend from the northernmost coasts of Tangier to the southern Saharan sands of Dakhla and transportation is not always straightforward. Moroccans utilize a wide array of modes of transportation to traverse the vast countryside.

Petit Taxi, Morocco

The most prominent modes of transportation for inner-city travel in Morocco are petit taxi (taxi Saghir), grand taxi (taxi Kabir), Careem, the city bus, and even a tramway system in Rabat and Casablanca. As for long distance travel, Morocco offers an extensive train system as well as regional bus routes, grand taxi routes, and a growing domestic air travel industry. Getting around in Morocco

MOROCCO VISA REQUIREMENTS

Most travellers from Europe, North America, and certain countries in Asia and the Middle East do not need a visa for stays up to 90 days. To get more information on the visa requitement in Morocco, visit (Infinite Morocco)

 

The Republic of Tunisia, is the northernmost country in Africa.

It is a part of the Maghreb region of North Africa, bordered by Algeria to the west and southwest, Libya to the southeast, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east.

 

Tunisia also shares maritime borders with Italy through the islands of Sicily and Sardinia to the north and Malta to the east. It features the archaeological sites of Carthage dating back to the 9th century BC, as well as the Great Mosque of Kairouan. Known for its ancient architecture, souks, and blue coasts.

 

It is home to Africa’s northernmost point, Cape Angela. Located on the northeastern coast, Tunis is the Capital and largest city of the country.

 

Language: Arabic

Population: Tunisia population (2024)

Currency: Tunisian Dinar

Religion: Islam

Tax rate: Tunisia – Corporate – Taxes on corporate income

Crime rate

Tunisia has a moderate crime rate, with a Crime Index of 44.13 and a Safety Index of 55.87. Concerns include increasing crime over the past five years, moderate levels of theft, and high levels of corruption​ (Numbeo)​​ (Travellers Worldwide)​.

GDP

Tunisia’s GDP is detailed in various economic reports and databases. For the most current information visit (Tunisia – IMF Data Mapper)

Openness to Tourist

                                                       Sidi Bou Said Resort, Tunisia.

Tunisia is officially open for tourism! Hotels, restaurants, shops and resorts are all waiting to welcome visitors once more. Tunisia – open for visitors

Employment rate

In Tunisia, the employment rate saw a slight improvement in the first quarter of 2024. The unemployment rate dropped from 16.4% in Q4 of 2023 to 16.2% in Q1 of 2024. This decrease was primarily due to an increase in the number of people in active employment, with the Labor force growing to 4,145,200, an increase of 61,500 employed individuals compared to Q4 of 2023. Tunisia – Employment strategy World Bank

Climate

 

The lush Kroumirie mountains in Northern Tunisia are a big contrast to the arid southern landscapes.

The northern mountainous region has a Mediterranean climate with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers. The south has a hot, dry, and semiarid climate as it enters the Sahara Desert, while the eastern coastal border has an arid steppe climate. Tunisia – Climatology | Climate Change Knowledge Portal

Cost of living

In Tunis, the average cost of living is relatively low compared to many other cities globally. Detailed breakdowns of living expenses can be found on Cost of Living in Tunis.

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Mode of transport

Trains in Tunisia are a highly used mode of transport both by locals and tourists. You’ll find modern, comfortable carriages with air conditioning. Trains have three service classes: second class, first class, and comfort class.  comfort class. How to get around Tunis, the guide to means of transport

                                                                             

Citadis units

Visa requirement

A Tunisian tourist visa is issued for a maximum of 90 days but can be issued for less, depending on your travel purpose/itinerary. Tunisia Visa Types, Requirements, and Application

 

Libya borders the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Algeria to the west, and Tunisia to the northwest. During the Second World War, Libya was an area of warfare in the North African Campaign. The Italian population then went into decline. Libya became independent as a kingdom in 1951.

A bloodless military coup in 1969, initiated by a coalition led by Colonel Muammar Gaddafi, overthrew King Idris I and created a republic. Gaddafi was often described by critics as a dictator, and was one of the world’s longest serving non-royal leaders, ruling for 42 years.

He ruled until being overthrown and killed during the 2011 Libyan Civil War, which was part of the wider Arab Spring, with authority transferred to the National Transitional Council then to the elected General National Congress.

By 2014 two rival authorities claimed to govern Libya, which led to a second civil war, with parts of Libya split between the Tobruk and Tripoli-based governments as well as various tribal and Islamist militias. The two main warring sides signed a permanent ceasefire in 2020, and a unity government took authority to plan for democratic elections, though political rivalries continue to delay this.

Libya is a developing country ranking 104th by HDI and has the 10th-largest proven oil reserves in the world. Libya is a member of the United Nations, the Non-Aligned Movement, the African Union, the Arab League, the OIC and OPEC. The largest city and Capital, Tripoli, is located in northwestern Libya.

Currency: Libyan dinar

Language: Arabic

Population: Libya population (2024)

Religion: Islam

Tax rate: Libya Doing Business 2024

Crime rate

Compared to the previous years, the crime rates in Libya were increasingly high reaching a peak of 70 points in 2015. In 2023, Libya achieved a crime index of 60.2 points. Crime in Libya

GDP

Real GDP is projected to grow 17.9% in 2023, reflecting a base effect, and 8.0% in 2024, buoyed by hydrocarbon sector recovery and high oil prices.

(African Development Bank Group )

Openness to tourists

International tourism into Libya has suffered due to the instability caused by the Libyan Civil War. The Libyan dinar has highly appreciated, which leads to uncompetitive prices for tourist related services such as accommodation and transportation, compared with neighbouring countries. How to Travel to Libya in 2024

Employment rate

In 2023, the total number of people in the labor force in Libya increased by 70.9 thousand people (+3.05 percent) since 2022. With 2.4 million people, the number of people in the labor force thereby reached its highest value in the observed period. Statista

Climate

Libya is 95% desert, mostly barren with flat to undulating plains. This, combined with the Mediterranean climate, renders many parts of the country susceptible to floods, sandstorms, dust storms, and desertification. Britannica

Cost of Living

The cost of living in Libya is $422, which is 2.47 times less expensive than the world average. Libya ranked 193rd out of 197 countries by cost of living and the 148th best country to live in. Livingcost

Modes of transport

The existing public transport in Libya is characterized by bus, microbus, and collective taxi, which are used to travel within and between cities and towns. Air transport is also used to travel for longer distances. Railway system is not established yet since 1965, all previous narrow-gauge lines having been dismantled. Plans for a new network have been under development for some time. Libya — Transportation

Visa requirement  

The Republic of Libya has been unstable for many years due to crime, terrorism, civil unrest, and armed conflict. Libya is currently not issuing tourist visas and is not planning on issuing them because of its current condition. Libya Visa Types, Requirements, and Application

Egypt’s heartland, the Nile River valley and delta, was the home of one of the principal civilizations of the ancient Middle East and, like Mesopotamia farther east, was the site of one of the world’s earliest urban and literate societies.

Pharaonic Egypt thrived for some 3,000 years through a series of native dynasties that were interspersed with brief periods of foreign rule. After Alexander the Great conquered the region in 323 BCE, urban Egypt became an integral part of the Hellenistic world. Under the Greek Ptolemaic dynasty, an advanced literate society thrived in the city of Alexandria, but what is now Egypt was conquered by the Romans in 30 BCE. It remained part of the Roman Republic and Empire and then part of Rome’s successor state, the Byzantine Empire, until its conquest by Arab Muslim armies in 639–642 CE.

Until the Muslim conquest, great continuity had typified Egyptian rural life. Despite the incongruent ethnicity of successive ruling groups and the cosmopolitan nature of Egypt’s larger urban centres, the language and culture of the rural, agrarian masses—whose lives were largely measured by the annual rise and fall of the Nile River, with its annual inundation—had changed only marginally throughout the centuries. Following the conquests, both urban and rural culture began to adopt elements of Arab culture, and an Arabic vernacular eventually replaced the Egyptian language as the common means of spoken discourse. Moreover, since that time, Egypt’s history has been part of the broader Islamic world, and though Egyptians continued to be ruled by foreign elite—whether Arab, Kurdish, Circassian, or Turkish—the country’s cultural milieu remained predominantly Arab. Its Capital Cairo is set at the Nile River.

Currency: Egyptian Pound

Language: Arabic

Population: Egypt population (2024)

Religion: Islam

Tax rate: Business-taxation – KPMG Egypt

Crime rate

According to the 2024 crime index from Numbeo, Egypt ranked 18th among African countries with a crime rate of 47.3 on the index, 65th globally, and third in the Arab world due to the prevalence of various crimes.

Poverty is often cited as a major factor in perpetuating criminal behaviour, as individuals lacking access to essential resources and opportunities may resort to illegal activities for survival. Crime in Egypt

GDP

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has maintained its projection for Egypt’s real GDP growth in 2024 at three percent, declining by 0.8 percent compared to the estimation of 2023. Ahram Online

 

Openness to tourist

Egypt has shown remarkable openness to tourists in recent years, demonstrating substantial growth in its tourism sector. In 2023, Egypt welcomed a record-breaking 14.9 million tourists, surpassing pre-pandemic levels and even the peak year of 2010​ (Daily News Egypt)​​ (Ahram)​.

This growth is attributed to several factors including effective government measures to ensure the safety and health of tourists, promotional efforts showcasing Egypt’s rich cultural and natural heritage, and significant improvements in airline capacity and connectivity​ (Daily News Egypt)​​ (Ahram)​For instance, the number of incoming airline seats increased from 561,852 in August 2022 to 698,779 in October 2023​ (Ahram)​.

Additionally, despite regional challenges such as the Gaza conflict, Egypt’s tourism sector has continued to thrive, with an 8% increase in tourist arrivals since October 2023​ (EgyptToday)​. The government has also implemented policies to enhance the tourist experience by improving service quality and protecting tourists from negative behaviours​ (Ahram)​.

Financial projections indicate continued growth, with tourism receipts expected to reach nearly $30 billion by 2024, reflecting a 13% compound annual growth rate over five years​ (Egypt Independent)​. This positive trend positions Egypt as a resilient and welcoming destination for international tourists.

 

Employment rate

As of the first quarter of 2024, Egypt’s unemployment rate stands at 6.7%, the lowest in recent years, reflecting an improving job market​ (CEIC Data)​.

Climate

Egypt has a desert climate with hot summers and mild winters. Coastal areas like Alexandria and the Red Sea have milder temperatures. Summers can be extremely hot, especially in the interior regions like Cairo and Luxor. Climate of Egypt

 

                                                            

      Alexandria city

 

Cost of Living

The cost of living in Egypt is relatively low compared to Western countries. Expenses for housing, food, and transportation are affordable, making it a budget-friendly destination for tourists and expatriates.Livingcost

Mode of transport

Egypt has many kinds of transportations. Transport is cantered in Cairo as it is the capital & the big city of Egypt. These transports connect the cities with each other. Land transportation like trains, vehicles & buses transfer for long distances to include the most of the cities. Waterways transportation in Nile & Lake Nasser in addition to vessels in Egypt ports. Also, there is another kind relevant with Air to travel easy & fast but it is more expensive than land transport. Egypt Transportation

Visa requirement

Egypt Visa Types, Requirements, and Application

Sudan is actually home to over 200 pyramids — more than Egypt — built by the ancient Nubian civilisation from as early as 2500 BC. During this time, it was Africa’s largest country and the tenth-largest in the world.

When South Sudan separated from Sudan in 2011, Sudan became Africa’s third-largest country and the world’s 15th largest. Tensions remain and disputes continue between the two nations over shared oil revenues and border definitions.

The Kingdom of Kush was an ancient African kingdom situated in what is now the Republic of Sudan. Three Kushite Kingdoms dominated the region for over 3,000 years. The first period Kerma (2450 – 1450 BC), was followed by Napata (1550-1070 BC), and then Meroe (300 BC – 300 AD).

In its earliest phase, the kingdom was focused at Napata, then after King Kashta invaded Egypt the Kushite kings ruled as pharaohs of the 25th dynasty of Egypt. Its imperial capital was at Meroe, now a world-famous UNESCO World Heritage Site. The whole region became a major trading centre for gold, ivory, ebony and animal pelts from Africa, the Arabian desert and the Mediterranean. African animals, such as monkeys, elephants and giraffes were also exported to private zoos across Asia and the Mediterranean.

The name ‘Kush’ is connected to the biblical character of Cush in the Old Testament. According to the text, his son Nimrod was the founder and king of Babylon.

The Second Sudanese Civil War lasted 22 years. It began in 1983 and lasted until 2005, killing at least 1.5 million people and displacing over 4 million. Largely a continuation of the First Sudanese Civil War (1955-1972), it originated in southern Sudan. It then spread to the Nuba Mountains and Blue Nile. It was fought by the central Sudanese government and the Sudan People’s Liberation Army.

Sudan is part of the Great Green Wall Project, along with Burkina Faso, Chad, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria and Senegal. This incredibly ambitious initiative is aiming to build a 4970-mile (8,000 km) wall of trees straight across Africa to create the largest living structure on the planet. It will stretch across the entire width of the continent, along the arid Sahel savanna all the way from the Atlantic Ocean to the Indian Ocean.

Launched in 2007, the wall is designed as a symbol of hope in the face of one of the planet’s greatest threats — desertification. The African Union launched this game-changing African-led initiative to restore Africa’s degraded landscapes and transform millions of lives in one of the world’s poorest regions, the Sahel. Khartoum is the country’s capital located at the confluence of the White Nile – flowing north from Lake Victoria – and the Blue Nile, flowing west from Lake Tana in Ethiopia.

Currency: Sudanese Pounds

Language: Arabic, English

Population: Sudan Population (2024)

Religion: Islam

Tax rate: Sudan Corporate Tax Rate – Trading Economics

Crime rate

In 2024, Sudan’s crime rate remains significantly influenced by ongoing armed conflicts and political instability. The conflict between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) has resulted in widespread violence and human rights abuses. This includes indiscriminate attacks on civilians, property looting, and the conscription of children. Over 8 million people have been displaced due to the violence, and there have been numerous instances of sexual violence, ethnic killings, and other severe human rights violations​ (OHCHR)​​ (State Gov)​.

GDP

Real GDP is expected to contract further by 3.5 percent in 2024, after a 12 percent contraction in 2023, driven by wide-spread destruction of productive capacity due to the domestic conflict, and weak private consumption and exports. SUDAN MPO – Public Documents | The World Bank

Openness to tourist

Sudan’s openness to tourists is severely limited. The country is facing significant challenges, including ongoing conflict between the Sudanese Armed Forces and the Rapid Support Forces, resulting in widespread displacement of millions of people both internally and across borders. The safety of tourists cannot be guaranteed, and many governments have issued travel advisories against visiting Sudan.

Furthermore, the fact that millions of people have been displaced within Sudan and millions more have fled to neighbouring countries underscores the severity of the humanitarian crisis and the instability within Sudanese borders.

In such circumstances, it is unlikely that the Sudanese government is actively promoting tourism or ensuring the safety and infrastructure necessary to support tourists.

New arrivals that have crossed into South Sudan via the Joda border crossing point. They are awaiting onward transportation to the transit site in Renk, approximately 60km from the immediate border. © UNHCR/Ala Kheir

Employment rate

In Sudan, forecasted employment rate is 51.03%, meaning slightly over half of the labor force is expected to be employed. However, the forecasted unemployment rate is 49.54%, indicating that nearly half of the labor force is expected to be without a job. With a total labor force of 14.19 million, this translates to around 7.03 million unemployed individuals. These figures suggest significant challenges in the job market, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to address unemployment and stimulate economic growth. or force in Sudan is forecasted to 14.19m in 2024. Socioeconomic Indicators – Sudan | Statista Market Forecast

 

Climate

Sudan has a predominantly desert climate with extremely hot temperatures, especially in the summer. The rainy season occurs from June to September in the central and southern regions, bringing some relief from the heat. The northern regions, including Khartoum, are mostly arid with very little rainfall. South Sudan – Climate, Rainfall, Temperature

Cost of living

The cost of living in Sudan can be considered moderate. While some expenses like food, transportation, and basic utilities are relatively affordable, other factors such as housing costs and education expenses may pose a greater financial challenge for some individuals. The affordability of goods and services can vary depending on factors such as location within the country and individual lifestyle choices. However, compared to many other countries, Sudan generally offers a reasonable cost of living, but it can still present financial challenges for certain segments of the population. (Livingcost)​​ (Expatistan, cost of living comparisons)​.

Mode of Transport

The most efficient and affordable way to travel between cities in this country is by using the local train system. The train network is extensive, with the main line running from Wadi Halfa in the north to Khartoum in the south. The journey takes about two days with several stops along the way where travellers can purchase refreshments. There are also other lines connecting Nyala to Er-Rahad, and Khartoum to Port Sudan. Travelers can choose between first class seats, sleeper carriages, and second- or third-class seats, which are more basic. Halfa in the north to Khartoum near the south. Sudan — Transportation – iExplore

 

Sudanese civilians ride on the train to join the celebrations of the signing of the power sharing deal, that paves the way for a transitional government, in Khartoum, Aug. 17, 2019.

Visa requirement

Visitors to Sudan must obtain a visa from one of the Sudanese diplomatic missions, unless they come from one of the visa exempt countries. All visitors must hold passports valid for a minimum of 6 months from the arrival date.  receipt. Sudan Visa Types, Requirements, and Application